Cardiology Tool Definition, Function & Parts || Tagen Pharmaceuticals

CARDIOLOGY TOOLS 

Interventional cardiologists are experts in the cardiovascular disease who use catheters to perform cardiovascular procedures. These methods, such as angioplasty and stenting, are operated by guiding tools through the body's arteries.

Tools and Devices used in the Cath Lab 

Interventional cardiology is a specialization area within the broader field of cardiology. Interventional cardiologists are specifically trained doctors who have had one to two years of study and training particularly in the use of catheters – thin, flexible tubes to perform cardiovascular procedures. These systems, such as angioplasty and stenting, are completed by guiding tools through the body's blood vessels. For many patients, these minimally invasive interventional methods are an appropriate choice to open surgery.

Catheters 

A catheter is a slim, plastic tube that can be threaded into a blood vessel to transfer medicines inside that blood vessel. During a diagnostic angiogram, x-ray dye runs through the catheter into the arteries so that your cardiologist can inspect images of any blockages in the artery. During angioplasty, a balloon or different device is mounted on the catheter's top and guided to the narrowed segment of the artery over a guidewire. The equipment on the catheter is then used to reopen the artery for blood flow.

Guidewires

 A guidewire is a large and stretchy, fine metal wire utilized to place balloons or stents. The guidewire is joined through a blood vessel to the site where medicine will be delivered. A balloon or stent is then supported over the guidewire until it is in the desired spot. A guidewire does just as its name suggests: it helps your interventional cardiologist lead devices to the position.

Balloons
An angioplasty balloon is connected at the end of a special balloon catheter, the balloon is at one head and can be inflated from the other top outside the body. An interventional cardiologist attaches the balloon catheter over a guidewire to the region of the artery that has been blocked with a fatty substance called plaque; the plaque is what is preventing your blood from moving as it should. The balloon is inflated and deflated numerous times to push the plaque out and restore blood flow in the artery.

A cutting balloon is catheter equipment with a special balloon tip holding small blades that are activated when the balloon is inflated. Used to treat plaque that is resistant to a traditional balloon, the small blades cut slits in the plaque and then the balloon squeezes the fatty matter into the wall of the artery.

Stents 

A stent is a little, metal mesh tube that is passed through a catheter to the position of a blocked artery and then permanently fixed within the artery. A stent acts as a tiny structure to prop an artery open and prevent it from collapsing or becoming reblocked with plaque.

Vascular Closure Devices 

After an interventional approach, your doctor will need to make sure that the puncture site in your skin where the catheters were injected is fully closed. If your arteries were obtained through the upper leg, your doctor may utilize a collagen plug or a stitch.

Atherectomy Devices 

Sometimes the fatty substance that makes up in arteries (plaque) contains calcium that makes the blockage hard. If a plaque is critically calcified, a conventional angioplasty balloon may not be able to traverse the blockage and push it to the surfaces of the artery. Rotational atherectomy is a method that can be done to drill through tough blockages.

Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) 

FFR is a test used to measure how much blood movement is being restricted by a blockage in an artery. A unique, pressure-sensing guidewire is supported through a catheter to the place of the blockage in the artery.

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) 

All ultrasound tests, including IVUS, use sound waves to produce images. IVUS is utilized to gather pictures of the inside of arteries to find out if a blockage is present, and if so, how severe the blockage is.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Imaging 

OCT is an imaging device employed to take high-resolution pictures of blood vessel walls. OCT provides interventional cardiologists with detailed images of plaque (cholesterol and other substances that have collected in the walls of the artery and can rupture, causing a blood clot to form at the site and block off significant blood flow). Like IVUS, this comprehensive data about plaque build-up in arteries can help interventional cardiologists analyse where best to place stents.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) 

NIRS is a new imaging technique that allows interventional cardiologists more information to determine where angioplasty and stenting would be most useful. IVUS, FFR and OCT all can be practised to provide information about the arrangement of the plaque that has built up inside the arteries, including where the plaque is established and how it is changing blood flow. NIRS does something distinctive: It presents real-time information about the chemical structure of the blockage, which may help interventional cardiologists pinpoint areas that could generate a problem shortly.

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